Litchi chinensis is the sole member of the genus Litchi in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. For this, fruits are placed in a closed chamber where 50-100 g sulphur per m3 of air space is burnt for 20-30 minute. Abstract. . Litchi, as a seasonal fruit, easily spoils at ambient temperature after harvest. Using state of the art computer vision algorithms, Litchi keeps your selection perfectly framed while you fly the drone. Prompt pre-cooling (temperature 4 °C, RH 85-90%) and maintenance of optimum temperature and relative humidity during transportation of fruits helps to prevent fruit rot. ICAR - National Research Centre on Litchi, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). Chinese group – Produces very poor yield, but the fruit is of excellent quality. Management: One spray of carbendazim (0.1%) 15-20 days before harvest. Symptoms: The leaf blight pathogen also cause panicle blight and fruit blight at later stage. It is botanically designated Litchi chinensis Sonn. Symptoms: Young trees of litchi, often below five-year age, wilt in less than a week time. 1. Management: Spray of copper oxychloride (0.1%) or mancozeb (0.15%) to prevent the disease. Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Survival of the pathogen is through conidia on fallen leaves and also on senescing leaves under tree canopy. LITCHI . They indirectly reduce yield by debilitating the tree and directly reduce the yield or quality of fruit before and after harvest. InDG is a Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Government of India initiative and is executed by Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Hyderabad. Fruit Rot Fruit rot of litchi has been a serious problem. Usually appear as superficial skin blemishes without affecting production and fruit quality but marketability is affected. Scientist & In-charge, A.K.M.U, ICAR-NRCL, Muzaffarpur | Last Updated: 18-08-2020, Application form- 4th EDP on litchi 21-23 January 2021, 4th Entrepreneurship Development Programme on Litchi 21-23 January 2021, Frequently Asked Questions (अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न). This leads to die-back of twigs in large numbers. It is caused by the fungus Fusarium solani. Augment natural plant defense by soil application of microbes such as Trichoderma, Mycorrhiza etc along with compost/ farm yard manure. Other measures include biological control of decay pathogens and use ofa 10-15% CO2-enriched atmosphere for packaging. infection and illness are called pathogens. Diseases 175 Control l Foliar application of copper oxychloride @0.3 per cent should be done in the month of July and October. Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) ), which originated in southern China and possibly northern Viet Nam belongs to the Sapindaceae family. It is caused by Cephaleuros virescens. Botanical Description 700. is a juicy fruit belonging to the Sapindaceae family and is one of the most important evergreen fruit trees. Blighting of panicles and fruits occurs. 1; Menzel, 2001). cause fruit rots, if fruits are not handled properly. Adverse Effects and Reactions (Allergies and Toxicity) 702 Summary Points 702. Fruits may be treated by sulphur fumes if allowed by importing countries. In absence of biocontrol agent, drench rhizosphere soil (active root zone) with hexaconazole (0.005%) or carbendazim(0.1%). Litchi bug Tessaratoma javanica: Both adults and nymph suck cell sap mostly on tender plant parts such as growing buds, leaf petioles, fruit stalks and tender branches of litchi tree In case of severe infestation drying of growing buds and tender shoots has been observed resulting poor fruit set. Monitoring is one of the important tools to keep track of the pathogens and their potential damage. The afflicted leaves give the impression as if they were scorched by the sun. Management: Fungicidal spray of Copper oxychloride (0.25%) or Carbendazim (0.1%) can be done if disease severity increases. Includes HLH, Mauritius, Muzaffarpur, Late Large Red, Hazipur, Saharanpur and Rose-Scented. A wide range of fungi such as Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Aspergillus, Botryodiplodia and Penicillium sp. In this manual these will be called disease and infection. belongs to the family Sapindaceae and is an esteemed member amongst the commercially important fruit crops.This delicious fruit is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is famous for … Historical Cultivation and Usage 700. OVERVIEW OF LYCHEE PRODUCTION IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION. Pre-harvest applications of fungicides at colour-break stage such as thiophanate methyl (0.14%) or chlorothalonil (0.15%) or difenoconazole (0.025%) or azoxystrobin (0.023%) offer good control. With Litchi's Track mode, your DJI drone now understands what it sees. here I discuss about some tips to control disease and pest of litchi. Unfortunately, the study did not compare litchi-associated cases with controls drawn from the community and, strangely, cases were compared with sick controls lacking neurological disease and no history in the previous 3 months of altered mental status or seizures, and admitted to a case-surveillance hospital less than 7 days from admission of the case. Please leave all source links intact and adhere to applicable copyright and intellectual property guidelines and laws. Management: Apply neem cake or castor cake @ 5-8 kg/tree along with recommended dose of fertilizer. The sporangia are spread by wind and by water splash. In absence of biocontrol agent, drenching rhizosphere soil with hexaconazole or carbendazim (0.1%) may be done. Management: Application of castor cake or neem cake as manures along with biocontrol agents like Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens etc. caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Diseases are one of the constraints on the production of litchi fruits. The first symptoms appear as yellowing of foliage, drooping leaves followed by gradual wilting and drying, leading to complete death of the plant within 4-5 days. Symptoms: Initially perceptible on injured portion of fruits. caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Ltd. Symptoms: On fruits brown pinhead lesions appear that later turn to circular dark-brown to black sunken lesions on mature fruits. Pest of litchi s.r no Disease name Causal organism symptom management 1 Fruit fly Bactocera dorsalis 5 gm. Harvest fruits during early morning hour (4.00-8.00 AM) and avoid any mechanical injury to fruits. Colletotrichum isolates were consistently recovered from typical black spot lesions of diseased fruits with frequency ranging from 83% to 100%. Blighting of panicles and fruits occurs. Symptoms: Red, circular to semicircular spots (3.0-6.5 mm) appear mostly on the leaves and sometimes also on tender stems. The symptoms starts from tip of the leaf as light brown to dark brown necrosis that advances towards both the margins of the leaf leading to complete necrosis of the affected leaves that dries up subsequently. The outbreaks of this “acute unexplained neurological illness . Litchi is the most seasonal fruit in this season, but if you eat a lot of delicious litchi, it is easy to get litchi disease. Initially the disease symptoms are perceptible on injured portion of the fruits. Pre-harvest spray of fungicide helps in extending post-harvest life. Keissler is a recent and economically important disease of litchi. Applications to Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 701. Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn. Fruits emit an odour of fermentation. Management: Spray thiophanate methyl (0.14%) or carbendazim (0.1%) 15-20 days before harvest. By Vinod Kumar. The disease appears in rainy season and continues till early winter. What is litchi disease. They indirectly reduce yield by debilitating trees, and directly reduce yield or quality of fruit before and after harvest. This disease was first observed on litchi cultivar Guiwei, in Guangzhou, China, in 2009, and then found widespread in other litchi‐growing regions of China. has been proved effective in managing the disease. 4 Bark eating caterpillar Inderbella tetragonis Plugging the hole with formalin 5 Red rust algae Sulphur spray 3 times in autumn and spring. Follow orchard sanitation by removing and destroying infected leaves. 3. l The spray of 5:5:50 Bordeaux mixture during autumn (September-October) and Spring (February-March) at 15 days interval depending upon degree of infestation. References 702. he litchi is a native fruit of China, and litchi seed is an important tissue of this fruit … The Sapindaceae is a relatively large family containing at least 125 genera and 1,000 species, which are widely distributed in the tropics and warm … . Symptoms: Death of leaves on new shoots, and a foliar blight and tip dieback which is difficult to separate. Monitoring is one of the important tools to keep track of the pathogens and their potential damage. Pathogen survives on infected leaves. Symptoms: Young trees of litchi, often below five-year age, wilt in less than a week time. 19+ million members; The results demonstrated that LCSP significantly induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner and arrested cell cycle in G2/M in colorectal carcinoma cells. They indirectly reduce yield by debilitating trees, and directly reduce yield or quality of fruit before and after harvest. For panicle and fruit blight phase, one spray just after panicle emergence but before flower opening, and another spray 20 days before harvest (colour- break stage) of fruits. In this study, the effects of polyphenol-rich Litchi seed ethanol extract (LCSP) on the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of two colorectal cancer cell lines Colo320DM and SW480 were examined. Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Hyderabad. It is caused by Alternria alternata. Present-Day Cultivation and Usage 700. Litchi cultivars grown in South Africa are divided into the following groups: Mauritius group – Produces satisfactory yield and fruit of good quality. Several fungi have been found to be associated with diseases; Usually large water soaked lesions appear on the surface of fruits. Prevent from physical injuries during harvesting. INTRODUCTION. First spray just after panicle initiation and second spray at colour-break stage of fruits (20 days before harvest). Management: Pruning improves tree ventilation and reduces disease. The afflicted leaves give the impression as if they were scorched by sunrays. As litchi has great export potential, it is necessary to know about the diseases of litchi and approaches for their management. First Published 2020. Growers are also advised not to plant litchi trees on waterlogged soils or in low-lying field often receiving flood water. l Spray of 0.25% ziram also reduces the disease. It is a common knowledge that among the health risks of obesity, diabetes is one of them.When fat cells are stored in excessive amount will force pancreas to work harder in producing insulin, the result is insulin insensitivity that will lead to diabetes type 2. Panicles shrivel and dry up as a result of necrosis, while necrosis of the pedicel lead to complete drying of the rind of developing fruits. It is caused by Alternaria alternata. First spray should be done just after panicle initiation (before flower opening) and second spray at colour-break stage (20 days before harvest) of fruits. "Pathogenesis of hydropericardium in litchi disease of broiler chicks" Other: "Summary (En)" "1 table; 11 ref." Diseases are one of the constraints to the production of litchi fruits. The algae may spread from leaves to branches and fruits. In order for a disease to develop, a pathogen must be present and successfully invade plant host tissues and cells. Spray thiophanate methyl (0.14%) or difenoconazole (0.025%) or azoxystrobin (0.023%) or carbendazim (0.1%). Discover the world's research. The first symptoms appear as yellowing of foliage, drooping leaves followed by gradual wilting and drying, leading to complete death of the plant within 4-5 days. has been proved effective in managing the disease. Symptoms: Brown pinhead lesions appear on fruits that later turn to circular dark- brown to black sunken lesions on mature fruits. Management: Spray either with copper oxychloride (0.25%) or carbendazim (0.1%) or difenconazole (0.05%) or azoxystrobin (0.023%). Leaf, panicle and fruit blights of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Litchi (Litchi chinensis) is a delicious juicy fruit of excellent quality.Botanically it belongs to Sapindaceae family. For management of this disease foliar spray of copper oxychloride (0.15%) may be done in July and October if severity increases. The lychee is the most renowned of a group of edible fruits of the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. Prune diseased twigs and follow fungicidal spray recommended for leaf blight. Book Diseases of Fruits and Vegetable Crops. For transportation, use corrugated fibre board (CFB) boxes of 2 kg capacity properly unitized for stacking. Web Administrator: Dr. Vinod Kumar, Sr. Spray thiophanate methyl (0.14%) or difenoconazole (0.025%) or azoxystrobin (0.023%) or carbendazim (0.1%) on appearance of first visual symptoms of disease. Pages 18. eBook ISBN 9780429322181. 1. Application of Trichoderma can be done as follows: Apply 100-200 g of commercial formulation of Trichoderma per tree (according to age of tree) in active root zone. Prompt precooling and maintenance of the optimum temperature and relative humidity during storage and transport of fruits. Most of the diseases are caused by fungal pathogens. Management: Maintenance of orchard hygiene, through pruning of dead wood and removal of infected leaves, twigs and fruits help to reduce the incidence of the disease. Subsequently, orange yellow to pink velvety coating develops on the spots with formation of sporangia. Ensure sufficient soil moisture by sprinkling water or give light irrigation. The decayed areas get depressed and rot gradually penetrates deep into the pulp. Source : ICAR - National Research Centre on Litchi. Copyright © 2021 ICAR-NRCL, Muzaffarpur | Designed & Maintained by Dimension Websoft Pvt. It is caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Gloeosporium sp. It is caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Keissler is a recent and economically important disease of litchi. Management: Fungicidal spray of Copper oxychloride (0.25%) or Thiophanate methyl (0.15%) Chlorothalonil (0.15%) or Difenconazole (0.05%) can be done if disease severity increases. Spray of difenconazole (0.05%) or thiophanate methyl (0.1%) or azoxystrobin (0.023%) or carbendazim (0.1%). Sulphur fumigation if allowed by importing countries. Litchi (Litchi chinensis), one of the important fruit crops, belongs to soapberry family (Sapindaceae) and extensively cultivated in the tropical to sub-tropical regions of the globe.Reports in the literature suggests that litchi possibly originated in Southern China and Northern Vietnam and later on spread to at least 20 nations (Fig. Management: Augmenting natural plant defense by soil application of microbes such as Trichoderma, Mycorrhiza etc. Zoospores are dispersed by rain and wind, and infect leaves through the stomata, with chains of algal cells developing in the leaftissue. Do preventive spray of copper oxychloride (0.1%) or mancozeb (0.15%). The major damage due to disease occurs during August-September and January-February. Disease cycle: The algae produces microspores, rust colored, spore on the surface of leaf. Application ofbiocontrol agents like Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens etc. trichloroform with 10 ltrs of water 2 Fruit borer Cryptophlebia illepida fenvolarate @ 0.01% 3 Eriophide mite Acaria litchi Pruning and apply spinosyn. © 2006–2019 C–DAC.All content appearing on the vikaspedia portal is through collaborative effort of vikaspedia and its partners.We encourage you to use and share the content in a respectful and fair manner. In this study, the entire growth cycle of lychee was divided into seven principal growth stages: bud, leaf, and shoot development, inflorescence emergence, flowering, fruit development, and fruit maturity. This site is visited since 1st October 2018. “This website belongs to ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi, a research institute under the autonomous organisation Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India”. This portal has been developed as part of the national level initiative - India Development Gateway (InDG), dedicated for providing information / knowledge and ICT based knowledge products and services in the domain of social development. INTRODUCTION . It was described and named by French naturalist Pierre Sonnerat in his account "Voyage aux Indes orientales et à la Chine, fait depuis 1774 jusqu'à 1781" (translation: "Voyage to the East Indies and China, made between 1774 and 1781"), which was published in 1782. The weevil was brownish red in colour, about 5-7 mm in length and with a strong rostrum, causing … Do you know what is litchi disease? In litchi the cycle of FF flowers, is relative short and it is reported for different cultivars to range from 4-6 days in Israel , 5-9 days in Florida 10- 20 days in South Africa and 7-18 days in India in different cultivars. Diseases of Litchi and Their Management book. This chapter presents the transmission cycle of disease with its different elements, and categorises the different infections related to WES. The first symptoms appear as yellowing of foliage, drooping leaves followed by gradual wilting and drying, leading to complete death of the plant within 4-5 days. Pre-harvest spray of fungicides help in extending post-harvest life. The decayed areas get depressed and rot gradually penetrates deep into the pulp. In older leaves, the lesions turn light brown to brick-red. Pre-harvest spray of fungicides at colour- break stage help to prevent anthracnose and extend post-harvest life of fruits. Diseases are more important after harvest, although undoubtedly many of … S. K. Mitra [3]. Don't want to fly manually? The monocyclic pathogen follows the black arrows to complete its cycle. 5. Leaf, panicle and fruit blights of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) The symptoms starts from tip of the leaf as light brown to dark brown necrosis that advances towards both the margins of the leaf leading to complete necrosis of the affected leaves that dries up subsequently. Symptoms: A prominent disease in litchi nursery, also cause blight of panicles and developing fruits. Diseases caused by pathogens, or the toxins they produce, are communicable or infectious diseases (45). This period or EPP. Symptoms: The leaf blight pathogen also cause panicle or inflorescence blight, and fruit blight at later stage. Symptoms: Initially perceptible on injured portion of the fruits. Edition 1st Edition. Mix it in 4-5 kg compost or FYM and spread on soil surface in a circular strip of about 30-40 cm wide at a place which is approximately two feet inside from the outer boundary of tree canopy. Management: Augment natural plant defense by soil application of microbes such as Trichoderma, Mycorrhiza etc. Most algal spots develop on the upper … Diseases are one of the constraints to the production of litchi fruits. Symptoms: Death of leaves on new shoots, and a foliar blight and tip dieback. Field surveys carried out in litchi growing areas of Bihar during 2009-10 revealed the occurrence of two insect species in severe form which were hither to either unnoticed or of minor importance. The translucent, flavoured aril or edible flesh of the litchi is popular as a table fruit in India, while in China and Japan it is preferred in dried or canned state. Symptoms: A prominent disease in litchi nursery, also cause blight of panicles and developing fruits. Imprint Apple Academic Press. Litchi disease refers to some people's dizziness, sweating, paleness, fatigue, panic, thirst, hunger and other symptoms after eating a large amount of fresh litchi. For transportation use Corrugated Fibre Boxes of 2 kg capacity properly unitized for stacking. They were Apoderous sp., a weeveil and Conopomorpha cramerella, a borer pest on fruits. Polycyclic pathogens follow the red arrows for the majority of the season and the black arrows at the end of the season. If disease severity increases, spray thiophanate methyl (0.14%) or chlorothalonil (0.15%) or difenoconazole (0.025%). Click here to navigate to parent product. Fruits emit an odour of fermentation. Chapter Outline. Most of the diseases are caused by fungal pathogens. This video is showing how to grow litchi and care litchi plant ? Introduction 699. | Skip to main content | Screen Reader Access | -A A A+. Litchi is host to a range of post-harvest pathogens, often with quite different modes of infection. Prevents Obesity; The ability of litchi to inhibit the production of glucose in human body may be good to prevent obesity. Symptoms: Young trees of litchi, often below five-year age, wilt in less than a week time. Panicles shrivel and dry up as a result of necrosis, while necrosis of the pedicel lead to complete drying of the rind of developing fruits. Knowledge about diagnostic symptoms of various diseases and their management practices are hence provided here. Wide range of host, algal leaf spots are recorded on avocado, , citrus, cocoa, coffee, guava, mango, oil palm, pepper, tea, vanilla, and many more plants. That's ok too, start an autonomous Orbit or Follow and watch Litchi take care of everything. Management: Remove weeds from orchard which are alternative host for the pathogen. For this, fruits are placed in a closed chamber where 50-100 g sulphur per m3 of air is burnt for 20-30 minutes.